ITIF2024为什么风能和太阳能需要天然气应对波动性的现实策略研究报告英文版42页

itif.org Why Wind and Solar Need Natural Gas: A Realistic Approach to Variability ROBIN GASTER | SEPTEMBER 2024 Wind and solar power will replace consistently dispatchable electricity from fossil fuels with variable and more unpredictable clean energy. Seasonal shifts and annual variations cannot be handled with batteries or other proposed storage solutions like hydrogen. Natural gas will have to bridge the gap for many decades. KEY TAKEAWAYS  Solar and wind are growing fast and rapidly displacing coal on the grid. But they are inherently more variable sources of energy; as the grid becomes more dependent on them, it will become potentially less reliable.  Seasonal storage technologies such as hydrogen, pumped hydro, and compressed air are not realistic alternatives. More nuclear power could reduce the scale but not solve the problem. Only natural gas can guarantee reliability during the green transition.  Regulators must help gas transition from always-on baseload power to usuall